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Iowa Code (Last Updated: December 05, 2016) |
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Title XIII. COMMERCE |
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Chapter 554. UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE |
Section 554.1101. Short titles. |
Section 554.1102. Scope of Article. |
Section 554.1103. Construction of this chapter to promote its purposes and policies — applicability of supplemental principles of law. |
Section 554.1104. Construction against implied repeal. |
Section 554.1105. Severability. |
Section 554.1106. Use of singular and plural — gender. |
Section 554.1107. Section captions. |
Section 554.1108. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act. |
Section 554.1109. Section captions. |
Section 554.1110. Rules for filing and indexing. |
Section 554.1201. General definitions. |
Section 554.1202. Notice — knowledge. |
Section 554.1203. Lease distinguished from security interest. |
Section 554.1204. Value. |
Section 554.1205. Reasonable time — seasonableness. |
Section 554.1206. Presumptions. |
Section 554.1207. Performance or acceptance under reservation of rights. |
Section 554.1208. Option to accelerate at will. |
Section 554.1209. Subordinated obligations. |
Section 554.1301. Territorial applicability — parties’ power to choose applicable law. |
Section 554.1302. Variation by agreement. |
Section 554.1303. Course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade. |
Section 554.1304. Obligation of good faith. |
Section 554.1305. Remedies to be liberally administered. |
Section 554.1306. Waiver or renunciation of claim or right after breach. |
Section 554.1307. Prima facie evidence by third-party documents. |
Section 554.1308. Performance or acceptance under reservation of rights. |
Section 554.1309. Option to accelerate at will. |
Section 554.1310. Subordinated obligations. |
Section 554.2101. Short title. |
Section 554.2102. Scope — certain security and other transactions excluded from this Article. |
Section 554.2103. Definitions and index of definitions. |
Section 554.2104. Definitions:“merchant” — “between merchants” — “financing agency”. |
Section 554.2105. Definitions:transferability — “goods” — “future” goods — “lot” — “commercial unit”. |
Section 554.2106. Definitions:“contract” — “agreement” — “contract for sale” — “sale” — “present sale” — “conforming” to contract — “termination” — “cancellation”. |
Section 554.2107. Goods to be severed from realty:recording. |
Section 554.2201. Formal requirements — statute of frauds. |
Section 554.2202. Final written expression — parol or extrinsic evidence. |
Section 554.2203. Seals inoperative. |
Section 554.2204. Formation in general. |
Section 554.2205. Firm offers. |
Section 554.2206. Offer and acceptance in formation of contract. |
Section 554.2207. Additional terms in acceptance or confirmation. |
Section 554.2208. Course of performance or practical construction. |
Section 554.2209. Modification, rescission and waiver. |
Section 554.2210. Delegation of performance — assignment of rights. |
Section 554.2301. General obligations of parties. |
Section 554.2302. Unconscionable contract or clause. |
Section 554.2303. Allocation or division of risks. |
Section 554.2304. Price payable in money, goods, realty, or otherwise. |
Section 554.2305. Open price term. |
Section 554.2306. Output, requirements and exclusive dealings. |
Section 554.2307. Delivery in single lot or several lots. |
Section 554.2308. Absence of specified place for delivery. |
Section 554.2309. Absence of specific time provisions — notice of termination. |
Section 554.2310. Open time for payment or running of credit — authority to ship under reservation. |
Section 554.2311. Options and cooperation respecting performance. |
Section 554.2312. Warranty of title and against infringement — buyer’s obligation against infringement. |
Section 554.2313. Express warranties by affirmation, promise, description, sample. |
Section 554.2314. Implied warranty:merchantability — usage of trade. |
Section 554.2315. Implied warranty — fitness for particular purpose. |
Section 554.2316. Exclusion or modification of warranties. |
Section 554.2317. Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied. |
Section 554.2318. Third party beneficiaries of warranties express or implied. |
Section 554.2319. F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms. |
Section 554.2320. C.I.F. and C. & F. terms. |
Section 554.2321. C.I.F. or C. & F. — “net landed weights” — “payment on arrival” — warranty of condition on arrival. |
Section 554.2322. Delivery “ex-ship”. |
Section 554.2323. Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment — “overseas”. |
Section 554.2324. “No arrival, no sale” term. |
Section 554.2325. “Letter of credit” term — “confirmed credit”. |
Section 554.2326. Sale on approval and sale or return — rights of creditors. |
Section 554.2327. Special incidents of sale on approval and sale or return. |
Section 554.2328. Sale by auction. |
Section 554.2401. Passing of title — reservation for security — limited application of this section. |
Section 554.2402. Rights of seller’s creditors against sold goods. |
Section 554.2403. Power to transfer — good faith purchase of goods — “entrusting”. |
Section 554.2501. Insurable interest in goods — manner of identification of goods. |
Section 554.2502. Buyer’s right to goods on seller’s repudiation, failure to deliver, or insolvency. |
Section 554.2503. Manner of seller’s tender of delivery. |
Section 554.2504. Shipment by seller. |
Section 554.2505. Seller’s shipment under reservation. |
Section 554.2506. Rights of financing agency. |
Section 554.2507. Effect of seller’s tender — delivery on condition. |
Section 554.2508. Cure by seller of improper tender or delivery — replacement. |
Section 554.2509. Risk of loss in the absence of breach. |
Section 554.2510. Effect of breach on risk of loss. |
Section 554.2511. Tender of payment by buyer — payment by check. |
Section 554.2512. Payment by buyer before inspection. |
Section 554.2513. Buyer’s right to inspection of goods. |
Section 554.2514. When documents deliverable on acceptance — when on payment. |
Section 554.2515. Preserving evidence of goods in dispute. |
Section 554.2601. Buyer’s rights on improper delivery. |
Section 554.2602. Manner and effect of rightful rejection. |
Section 554.2603. Merchant buyer’s duties as to rightfully rejected goods. |
Section 554.2604. Buyer’s options as to salvage of rightfully rejected goods. |
Section 554.2605. Waiver of buyer’s objections by failure to particularize. |
Section 554.2606. What constitutes acceptance of goods. |
Section 554.2607. Effect of acceptance — notice of breach — burden of establishing breach after acceptance — notice of claim or litigation to person answerable over. |
Section 554.2608. Revocation of acceptance in whole or in part. |
Section 554.2609. Right to adequate assurance of performance. |
Section 554.2610. Anticipatory repudiation. |
Section 554.2611. Retraction of anticipatory repudiation. |
Section 554.2612. “Installment contract” — breach. |
Section 554.2613. Casualty to identified goods. |
Section 554.2614. Substituted performance. |
Section 554.2615. Excuse by failure of presupposed conditions. |
Section 554.2616. Procedure on notice claiming excuse. |
Section 554.2701. Remedies for breach of collateral contracts not impaired. |
Section 554.2702. Seller’s remedies on discovery of buyer’s insolvency. |
Section 554.2703. Seller’s remedies in general. |
Section 554.2704. Seller’s right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goods. |
Section 554.2705. Seller’s stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise. |
Section 554.2706. Seller’s resale including contract for resale. |
Section 554.2707. “Person in the position of a seller”. |
Section 554.2708. Seller’s damages for nonacceptance or repudiation. |
Section 554.2709. Action for the price. |
Section 554.2710. Seller’s incidental damages. |
Section 554.2711. Buyer’s remedies in general — buyer’s security interest in rejected goods. |
Section 554.2712. “Cover” — buyer’s procurement of substitute goods. |
Section 554.2713. Buyer’s damages for nondelivery or repudiation. |
Section 554.2714. Buyer’s damages for breach in regard to accepted goods. |
Section 554.2715. Buyer’s incidental and consequential damages. |
Section 554.2716. Buyer’s right to specific performance or replevin. |
Section 554.2717. Deduction of damages from the price. |
Section 554.2718. Liquidation or limitation of damages — deposits. |
Section 554.2719. Contractual modification or limitation of remedy. |
Section 554.2720. Effect of “cancellation” or “rescission” on claims for antecedent breach. |
Section 554.2721. Remedies for fraud. |
Section 554.2722. Who can sue third parties for injury to goods. |
Section 554.2723. Proof of market price — time and place. |
Section 554.2724. Admissibility of market quotations. |
Section 554.2725. Statute of limitations in contracts for sale. |
Section 554.3101. Short title. |
Section 554.3102. Subject matter. |
Section 554.3103. Definitions. |
Section 554.3104. Negotiable instrument. |
Section 554.3105. Issue of instrument. |
Section 554.3106. Unconditional promise or order. |
Section 554.3107. Instrument payable in foreign money. |
Section 554.3108. Payable on demand or at definite time. |
Section 554.3109. Payable to bearer or to order. |
Section 554.3110. Identification of person to whom instrument is payable. |
Section 554.3111. Place of payment. |
Section 554.3112. Interest. |
Section 554.3113. Date of instrument. |
Section 554.3114. Contradictory terms of instrument. |
Section 554.3115. Incomplete instrument. |
Section 554.3116. Joint and several liability — contribution. |
Section 554.3117. Other agreements affecting instrument. |
Section 554.3118. Accrual of cause of action. |
Section 554.3119. Notice of right to defend action. |
Section 554.3120. Instruments “payable through” bank. |
Section 554.3121. Instruments payable at bank. |
Section 554.3122. Accrual of cause of action. |
Section 554.3201. Negotiation. |
Section 554.3202. Negotiation subject to rescission. |
Section 554.3203. Transfer of instrument — rights acquired by transfer. |
Section 554.3204. Endorsement. |
Section 554.3205. Special endorsement — blank endorsement — anomalous endorsement. |
Section 554.3206. Restrictive endorsement. |
Section 554.3207. Reacquisition. |
Section 554.3208. Reacquisition. |
Section 554.3301. Person entitled to enforce instrument. |
Section 554.3302. Holder in due course. |
Section 554.3303. Value and consideration. |
Section 554.3304. Overdue instrument. |
Section 554.3305. Defenses and claims in recoupment. |
Section 554.3306. Claims to an instrument. |
Section 554.3307. Notice of breach of fiduciary duty. |
Section 554.3308. Proof of signatures and status as holder in due course. |
Section 554.3309. Enforcement of lost, destroyed, or stolen instrument. |
Section 554.3310. Effect of instrument on obligation for which taken. |
Section 554.3311. Accord and satisfaction by use of instrument. |
Section 554.3312. Lost, destroyed, or stolen cashier’s check, teller’s check, or certified check. |
Section 554.3401. Signature. |
Section 554.3402. Signature by representative. |
Section 554.3403. Unauthorized signature. |
Section 554.3404. Impostors — fictitious payees. |
Section 554.3405. Employer’s responsibility for fraudulent endorsement by employee. |
Section 554.3406. Negligence contributing to forged signature or alteration of instrument. |
Section 554.3407. Alteration. |
Section 554.3408. Drawee not liable on unaccepted draft. |
Section 554.3409. Acceptance of draft — certified check. |
Section 554.3410. Acceptance varying draft. |
Section 554.3411. Refusal to pay cashier’s checks, teller’s checks, and certified checks. |
Section 554.3412. Obligation of issuer of note or cashier’s check. |
Section 554.3413. Obligation of acceptor. |
Section 554.3414. Obligation of drawer. |
Section 554.3415. Obligation of endorser. |
Section 554.3416. Transfer warranties. |
Section 554.3417. Presentment warranties. |
Section 554.3418. Payment or acceptance by mistake. |
Section 554.3419. Instruments signed for accommodation. |
Section 554.3420. Conversion of instrument. |
Section 554.3501. Presentment. |
Section 554.3502. Dishonor. |
Section 554.3503. Notice of dishonor. |
Section 554.3504. Excused presentment and notice of dishonor. |
Section 554.3505. Evidence of dishonor. |
Section 554.3506. Time allowed for acceptance or payment. |
Section 554.3507. Dishonor — holder’s right of recourse — term allowing re-presentment. |
Section 554.3508. Notice of dishonor. |
Section 554.3509. Protest — noting for protest. |
Section 554.3510. Evidence of dishonor and notice of dishonor. |
Section 554.3511. Waived or excused presentment, protest or notice of dishonor or delay therein. |
Section 554.3512. Holder’s recourse for dishonor. |
Section 554.3513. Civil remedy for dishonor. |
Section 554.3601. Discharge and effect of discharge. |
Section 554.3602. Payment. |
Section 554.3603. Tender of payment. |
Section 554.3604. Discharge by cancellation or renunciation. |
Section 554.3605. Discharge of endorsers and accommodation parties. |
Section 554.3606. Impairment of recourse or of collateral. |
Section 554.3701. |
Section 554.3801. |
Section 554.3802. Effect of instrument on obligation for which it is given. |
Section 554.3803. Notice to third party. |
Section 554.3804. Lost, destroyed or stolen instruments. |
Section 554.3805. Instruments not payable to order or to bearer. |
Section 554.3806. Civil remedy for dishonor of a check, draft or order. |
Section 554.4101. Short title. |
Section 554.4102. Applicability. |
Section 554.4103. Variation by agreement — measure of damages — action constituting ordinary care. |
Section 554.4104. Definitions and index of definitions. |
Section 554.4105. “Bank” — “depositary bank” — “intermediary bank” — “collecting bank” — “payor bank” — “presenting bank”. |
Section 554.4106. Payable through or payable at bank — collecting bank. |
Section 554.4107. Separate office of a bank. |
Section 554.4108. Time of receipt of items. |
Section 554.4109. Delays. |
Section 554.4110. Electronic presentment. |
Section 554.4111. Statute of limitations. |
Section 554.4201. Status of collecting bank as agent and provisional status of credits — applicability of Article — item endorsed “pay any bank”. |
Section 554.4202. Responsibility for collection or return — when action timely. |
Section 554.4203. Effect of instructions. |
Section 554.4204. Methods of sending and presenting — sending directly to payor bank. |
Section 554.4205. Depositary bank holder of unendorsed item. |
Section 554.4206. Transfer between banks. |
Section 554.4207. Transfer warranties. |
Section 554.4208. Presentment warranties. |
Section 554.4209. Encoding and retention warranties. |
Section 554.4210. Security interest of collecting bank in items, accompanying documents and proceeds. |
Section 554.4211. When bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course. |
Section 554.4212. Presentment by notice of item not payable by, through, or at a bank; liability of drawer or endorser. |
Section 554.4213. Medium and time of settlement by bank. |
Section 554.4214. Right of charge-back or refund — liability of collecting bank — return of item. |
Section 554.4215. Final payment of item by payor bank — when provisional debits and credits become final — when certain credits become available for withdrawal. |
Section 554.4216. Insolvency and preference. |
Section 554.4301. Deferred posting — recovery of payment by return of items — time of dishonor — return of items by payor bank. |
Section 554.4302. Payor bank’s responsibility for late return of item. |
Section 554.4303. When items subject to notice, stop-payment order, legal process, or setoff — order in which items may be charged or certified. |
Section 554.4401. When bank may charge customer’s account. |
Section 554.4402. Bank’s liability to customer for wrongful dishonor — time of determining insufficiency of account. |
Section 554.4403. Customer’s right to stop payment — burden of proof of loss. |
Section 554.4404. Bank not obligated to pay check more than six months old. |
Section 554.4405. Death or incompetence of customer. |
Section 554.4406. Customer’s duty to discover and report unauthorized signature or alteration. |
Section 554.4407. Payor bank’s right to subrogation on improper payment. |
Section 554.4501. Handling of documentary drafts — duty to send for presentment and to notify customer of dishonor. |
Section 554.4502. Presentment of “on arrival” drafts. |
Section 554.4503. Responsibility of presenting bank for documents and goods — report of reasons for dishonor — referee in case of need. |
Section 554.4504. Privilege of presenting bank to deal with goods — security interest for expenses. |
Section 554.5101. Short title. |
Section 554.5102. Definitions. |
Section 554.5103. Scope. |
Section 554.5104. Formal requirements. |
Section 554.5105. Consideration. |
Section 554.5106. Issuance, amendment, cancellation, and duration. |
Section 554.5107. Confirmer, nominated person, and adviser. |
Section 554.5108. Issuer’s rights and obligations. |
Section 554.5109. Fraud and forgery. |
Section 554.5110. Warranties. |
Section 554.5111. Remedies. |
Section 554.5112. Transfer of letter of credit. |
Section 554.5113. Transfer by operation of law. |
Section 554.5114. Assignment of proceeds. |
Section 554.5115. Statute of limitations. |
Section 554.5116. Choice of law and forum. |
Section 554.5117. Subrogation of issuer, applicant, and nominated person. |
Section 554.5118. Security interest of issuer or nominated person. |
Section 554.7101. Short title. |
Section 554.7102. Definitions and index of definitions. |
Section 554.7103. Relation of Article to treaty or statute. |
Section 554.7104. Negotiable and nonnegotiable document of title. |
Section 554.7105. Reissuance in alternative medium. |
Section 554.7106. Control of electronic document of title. |
Section 554.7201. Person that may issue a warehouse receipt — storage under bond. |
Section 554.7202. Form of warehouse receipt — effect of omission. |
Section 554.7203. Liability for nonreceipt or misdescription. |
Section 554.7204. Duty of care — contractual limitation of warehouse’s liability. |
Section 554.7205. Title under warehouse receipt defeated in certain cases. |
Section 554.7206. Termination of storage at warehouse’s option. |
Section 554.7207. Goods must be kept separate — fungible goods. |
Section 554.7208. Altered warehouse receipts. |
Section 554.7209. Lien of warehouse. |
Section 554.7210. Enforcement of warehouse’s lien. |
Section 554.7301. Liability for nonreceipt or misdescription — “said to contain” — “shipper’s weight, load, and count” — improper handling. |
Section 554.7302. Through bills of lading and similar documents of title. |
Section 554.7303. Diversion — reconsignment — change of instructions. |
Section 554.7304. Tangible bills of lading in a set. |
Section 554.7305. Destination bills. |
Section 554.7306. Altered bills of lading. |
Section 554.7307. Lien of carrier. |
Section 554.7308. Enforcement of carrier’s lien. |
Section 554.7309. Duty of care — contractual limitation of carrier’s liability. |
Section 554.7401. Irregularities in issue of receipt or bill or conduct of issuer. |
Section 554.7402. Duplicate document of title — overissue. |
Section 554.7403. Obligation of bailee to deliver — excuse. |
Section 554.7404. No liability for good-faith delivery pursuant to document of title. |
Section 554.7501. Form of negotiation and requirements of due negotiation. |
Section 554.7502. Rights acquired by due negotiation. |
Section 554.7503. Document of title to goods defeated in certain cases. |
Section 554.7504. Rights acquired in absence of due negotiation — effect of diversion — stoppage of delivery. |
Section 554.7505. Indorser not guarantor for other parties. |
Section 554.7506. Delivery without indorsement — right to compel indorsement. |
Section 554.7507. Warranties on negotiation or delivery of document of title. |
Section 554.7508. Warranties of collecting bank as to documents of title. |
Section 554.7509. Adequate compliance with commercial contract. |
Section 554.7601. Lost, stolen, or destroyed documents of title. |
Section 554.7601A. Lost, stolen, or destroyed documents — additional requirements. |
Section 554.7602. Judicial process against goods covered by negotiable document of title. |
Section 554.7603. Conflicting claims — interpleader. |
Section 554.8101. Short title. |
Section 554.8102. Definitions. |
Section 554.8103. Rules for determining whether certain obligations and interests are securities or financial assets. |
Section 554.8104. Acquisition of security or financial asset or interest therein. |
Section 554.8105. Notice of adverse claim. |
Section 554.8106. Control. |
Section 554.8107. Whether indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order is effective. |
Section 554.8108. Warranties in direct holding. |
Section 554.8109. Warranties in indirect holding. |
Section 554.8110. Applicability — choice of law. |
Section 554.8111. Clearing corporation rules. |
Section 554.8112. Creditor’s legal process. |
Section 554.8113. Statute of frauds inapplicable. |
Section 554.8114. Evidentiary rules concerning certificated securities. |
Section 554.8115. Securities intermediary and others not liable to adverse claimant. |
Section 554.8116. Securities intermediary as purchaser for value. |
Section 554.8201. Issuer. |
Section 554.8202. Issuer’s responsibility and defenses — notice of defect or defense. |
Section 554.8203. Staleness as notice of defect or defense. |
Section 554.8204. Effect of issuer’s restriction on transfer. |
Section 554.8205. Effect of unauthorized signature on security certificate. |
Section 554.8206. Completion or alteration of security certificate. |
Section 554.8207. Rights and duties of issuer with respect to registered owners. |
Section 554.8208. Effect of signature of authenticating trustee, registrar, or transfer agent. |
Section 554.8209. Issuer’s lien. |
Section 554.8210. Overissue. |
Section 554.8301. Delivery. |
Section 554.8302. Rights of purchaser. |
Section 554.8303. Protected purchaser. |
Section 554.8304. Indorsement. |
Section 554.8305. Instruction. |
Section 554.8306. Effect of guaranteeing signature, indorsement, or instruction. |
Section 554.8307. Purchaser’s right to requisites for registration of transfer. |
Section 554.8308. |
Section 554.8309. |
Section 554.8310. |
Section 554.8311. |
Section 554.8312. |
Section 554.8313. |
Section 554.8314. |
Section 554.8315. |
Section 554.8316. |
Section 554.8317. |
Section 554.8318. |
Section 554.8319. |
Section 554.8320. |
Section 554.8321. |
Section 554.8401. Duty of issuer to register transfer. |
Section 554.8402. Assurance that indorsement or instruction is effective. |
Section 554.8403. Demand that issuer not register transfer. |
Section 554.8404. Wrongful registration. |
Section 554.8405. Replacement of lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken security certificate. |
Section 554.8406. Obligation to notify issuer of lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken security certificate. |
Section 554.8407. Authenticating trustee, transfer agent, and registrar. |
Section 554.8408. Statements of uncertificated securities. |
Section 554.8501. Securities account — acquisition of security entitlement from securities intermediary. |
Section 554.8502. Assertion of adverse claim against entitlement holder. |
Section 554.8503. Property interest of entitlement holder in financial asset held by securities intermediary. |
Section 554.8504. Duty of securities intermediary to maintain financial asset. |
Section 554.8505. Duty of securities intermediary with respect to payments and distributions. |
Section 554.8506. Duty of securities intermediary to exercise rights as directed by entitlement holder. |
Section 554.8507. Duty of securities intermediary to comply with entitlement order. |
Section 554.8508. Duty of securities intermediary to change entitlement holder’s position to other form of security holding. |
Section 554.8510. Rights of purchaser of security entitlement from entitlement holder. |
Section 554.8511. Priority among security interests and entitlement holders. |
Section 554.9101. Short title. |
Section 554.9102. Definitions and index of definitions. |
Section 554.9103. Purchase-money security interest — application of payments — burden of establishing. |
Section 554.9104. Control of deposit account. |
Section 554.9105. Control of electronic chattel paper. |
Section 554.9106. Control of investment property. |
Section 554.9107. Control of letter-of-credit right. |
Section 554.9108. Sufficiency of description. |
Section 554.9109. Scope. |
Section 554.9110. Security interests arising under Article 2 or 13. |
Section 554.9111. Applicability of bulk transfer laws. |
Section 554.9112. |
Section 554.9113. |
Section 554.9114. |
Section 554.9115. |
Section 554.9116. |
Section 554.9201. General effectiveness of security agreement. |
Section 554.9202. Title to collateral immaterial. |
Section 554.9203. Attachment and enforceability of security interest — proceeds — supporting obligations — formal requisites. |
Section 554.9204. After-acquired property — future advances. |
Section 554.9205. Use or disposition of collateral permissible. |
Section 554.9206. Security interest arising in purchase or delivery of financial asset. |
Section 554.9207. Rights and duties of secured party having possession or control of collateral. |
Section 554.9208. Additional duties of secured party having control of collateral. |
Section 554.9209. Duties of secured party if account debtor has been notified of assignment. |
Section 554.9210. Request for accounting — request regarding list of collateral or statement of account. |
Section 554.9301. Law governing perfection and priority of security interests. |
Section 554.9302. Law governing perfection and priority of agricultural liens. |
Section 554.9303. Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in goods covered by a certificate of title. |
Section 554.9304. Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in deposit accounts. |
Section 554.9305. Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in investment property. |
Section 554.9306. Law governing perfection and priority of security interests in letter-of-credit rights. |
Section 554.9307. Location of debtor. |
Section 554.9308. When security interest or agricultural lien is perfected — continuity of perfection. |
Section 554.9309. Security interest perfected upon attachment. |
Section 554.9310. When filing required to perfect security interest or agricultural lien — security interests and agricultural liens to which filing provisions do not apply. |
Section 554.9311. Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties. |
Section 554.9313. When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest without filing. |
Section 554.9314. Perfection by control. |
Section 554.9315. Secured party’s rights on disposition of collateral and in proceeds. |
Section 554.9316. Effect of change in governing law. |
Section 554.9317. Interests that take priority over or take free of security interest or agricultural lien. |
Section 554.9318. No interest retained in right to payment that is sold — rights and title of seller of account or chattel paper with respect to creditors and purchasers. |
Section 554.9319. Rights and title of consignee with respect to creditors and purchasers. |
Section 554.9320. Buyer of goods. |
Section 554.9321. Licensee of general intangible and lessee of goods in ordinary course of business. |
Section 554.9322. Priorities among conflicting security interests in and agricultural liens on same collateral. |
Section 554.9323. Future advances. |
Section 554.9324. Priority of purchase-money security interests. |
Section 554.9325. Priority of security interests in transferred collateral. |
Section 554.9326. Priority of security interests created by new debtor. |
Section 554.9327. Priority of security interests in deposit account. |
Section 554.9328. Priority of security interests in investment property. |
Section 554.9329. Priority of security interests in letter-of-credit right. |
Section 554.9330. Priority of purchaser of chattel paper or instrument. |
Section 554.9332. Transfer of money — transfer of funds from deposit account. |
Section 554.9333. Priority of certain liens arising by operation of law. |
Section 554.9334. Priority of security interests in fixtures and crops. |
Section 554.9335. Accessions. |
Section 554.9336. Commingled goods. |
Section 554.9337. Priority of security interests in goods covered by certificate of title. |
Section 554.9338. Priority of security interest or agricultural lien perfected by filed financing statement providing certain incorrect information. |
Section 554.9339. Priority subject to subordination. |
Section 554.9340. Effectiveness of right of recoupment or setoff against deposit account. |
Section 554.9341. Bank’s rights and duties with respect to deposit account. |
Section 554.9342. Bank’s right to refuse to enter into or disclose existence of control agreement. |
Section 554.9401. Alienability of debtor’s rights. |
Section 554.9402. Secured party not obligated on contract of debtor or in tort. |
Section 554.9403. Agreement not to assert defenses against assignee. |
Section 554.9404. Rights acquired by assignee — claims and defenses against assignee. |
Section 554.9405. Modification of assigned contract. |
Section 554.9407. Restrictions on creation or enforcement of security interest in leasehold interest or in lessor’s residual interest. |
Section 554.9408. Restrictions on assignment of promissory notes, health care insurance receivables, and certain general intangibles ineffective. |
Section 554.9409. Restrictions on assignment of letter-of-credit rights ineffective. |
Section 554.9501. Filing office. |
Section 554.9502. Contents of financing statement — record of mortgage as financing statement — time of filing financing statement. |
Section 554.9503. Name of debtor and secured party. |
Section 554.9504. Indication of collateral. |
Section 554.9505. Filing and compliance with other statutes and treaties for consignments, leases, other bailments, and other transactions. |
Section 554.9506. Effect of errors or omissions. |
Section 554.9507. Effect of certain events on effectiveness of financing statement. |
Section 554.9508. Effectiveness of financing statement if new debtor becomes bound by security agreement. |
Section 554.9509. Persons entitled to file a record. |
Section 554.9510. Effectiveness of filed record. |
Section 554.9511. Secured party of record. |
Section 554.9512. Amendment of financing statement. |
Section 554.9513. Termination statement. |
Section 554.9514. Assignment of powers of secured party of record. |
Section 554.9515. Duration and effectiveness of financing statement — effect of lapsed financing statement. |
Section 554.9516. What constitutes filing — effectiveness of filing. |
Section 554.9517. Effect of indexing errors. |
Section 554.9518. Claim concerning inaccurate or wrongfully filed record. |
Section 554.9519. Numbering, maintaining, and indexing records — communicating information provided in records. |
Section 554.9520. Acceptance and refusal to accept record. |
Section 554.9521. Uniform form of written financing statement and amendment. |
Section 554.9522. Maintenance and destruction of records. |
Section 554.9523. Information from filing office — sale or license of records. |
Section 554.9524. Delay by filing office. |
Section 554.9525. Fees. |
Section 554.9526. Filing-office rules. |
Section 554.9527. Duty to report. |
Section 554.9601. Rights after default — judicial enforcement — consignor or buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes. |
Section 554.9602. Waiver and variance of rights and duties. |
Section 554.9603. Agreement on standards concerning rights and duties. |
Section 554.9604. Procedure if security agreement covers real property or fixtures. |
Section 554.9605. Unknown debtor or secondary obligor. |
Section 554.9606. Time of default for agricultural lien. |
Section 554.9607. Collection and enforcement by secured party. |
Section 554.9608. Application of proceeds of collection or enforcement — liability for deficiency and right to surplus. |
Section 554.9609. Secured party’s right to take possession after default. |
Section 554.9610. Disposition of collateral after default. |
Section 554.9611. Notification before disposition of collateral. |
Section 554.9612. Timeliness of notification before disposition of collateral. |
Section 554.9613. Contents and form of notification before disposition of collateral — general. |
Section 554.9614. Contents and form of notification before disposition of collateral — consumer-goods transaction. |
Section 554.9615. Application of proceeds of disposition — liability for deficiency and right to surplus. |
Section 554.9616. Explanation of calculation of surplus or deficiency. |
Section 554.9617. Rights of transferee of collateral. |
Section 554.9618. Rights and duties of certain secondary obligors. |
Section 554.9619. Transfer of record or legal title. |
Section 554.9620. Acceptance of collateral in full or partial satisfaction of obligation — compulsory disposition of collateral. |
Section 554.9621. Notification of proposal to accept collateral. |
Section 554.9622. Effect of acceptance of collateral. |
Section 554.9623. Right to redeem collateral. |
Section 554.9624. Waiver. |
Section 554.9625. Remedies for secured party’s failure to comply with Article. |
Section 554.9626. Action in which deficiency or surplus is in issue. |
Section 554.9627. Determination of whether conduct was commercially reasonable. |
Section 554.9628. Nonliability and limitation on liability of secured party — liability of secondary obligor. |
Section 554.9701. Effective date. |
Section 554.9702. Savings clause. |
Section 554.9703. Security interest perfected before effective date. |
Section 554.9704. Security interest unperfected before effective date. |
Section 554.9705. Effectiveness of action taken before effective date. |
Section 554.9706. When initial financing statement suffices to continue effectiveness of financing statement. |
Section 554.9707. Amendment of pre-effective-date financing statement. |
Section 554.9708. Persons entitled to file initial financing statement or continuation statement. |
Section 554.9709. Priority. |
Section 554.9710. “Former” defined. |
Section 554.9801. Effective date. |
Section 554.9802. Savings clause. |
Section 554.9803. Security interest perfected before effective date. |
Section 554.9804. Security interest unperfected before effective date. |
Section 554.9805. Effectiveness of action taken before effective date. |
Section 554.9806. When initial financing statement suffices to continue effectiveness of financing statement. |
Section 554.9807. Amendment of pre-effective-date financing statement. |
Section 554.9808. Person entitled to file initial financing statement or continuation statement. |
Section 554.9809. Priority. |
Section 554.10101. Effective date. |
Section 554.10102. |
Section 554.10103. General repealer. |
Section 554.10104. Laws not repealed. |
Section 554.10105. Secretary of state exempted from personal liability. |
Section 554.11101. Effective date. |
Section 554.11102. Preservation of old transition provision. |
Section 554.11103. Transition to this chapter as amended — general rule. |
Section 554.11104. Transition provision on change of requirement of filing. |
Section 554.11105. Transition provision on change of place of filing. |
Section 554.11106. |
Section 554.11107. Transition provisions as to priorities. |
Section 554.11108. Presumption that rule of law continues unchanged. |
Section 554.11109. Effect of official comments. |
Section 554.12101. Short title. |
Section 554.12102. Subject matter. |
Section 554.12103. Payment order — definitions. |
Section 554.12104. Funds transfer — definitions. |
Section 554.12105. Other definitions. |
Section 554.12106. Time payment order is received. |
Section 554.12107. Federal reserve regulations and operating circulars. |
Section 554.12108. Relationship to Electronic Fund Transfer Act. |
Section 554.12201. Security procedure. |
Section 554.12202. Authorized and verified payment orders. |
Section 554.12203. Unenforceability of certain verified payment orders. |
Section 554.12204. Refund of payment and duty of customer to report with respect to unauthorized payment order. |
Section 554.12205. Erroneous payment orders. |
Section 554.12206. Transmission of payment order through funds-transfer or other communication system. |
Section 554.12207. Misdescription of beneficiary. |
Section 554.12208. Misdescription of intermediary bank or beneficiary’s bank. |
Section 554.12209. Acceptance of payment order. |
Section 554.12210. Rejection of payment order. |
Section 554.12211. Cancellation and amendment of payment order. |
Section 554.12212. Liability and duty of receiving bank regarding unaccepted payment order. |
Section 554.12301. Execution and execution date. |
Section 554.12302. Obligations of receiving bank in execution of payment order. |
Section 554.12303. Erroneous execution of payment order. |
Section 554.12304. Duty of sender to report erroneously executed payment order. |
Section 554.12305. Liability for late or improper execution or failure to execute payment order. |
Section 554.12401. Payment date. |
Section 554.12402. Obligation of sender to pay receiving bank. |
Section 554.12403. Payment by sender to receiving bank. |
Section 554.12404. Obligation of beneficiary’s bank to pay and give notice to beneficiary. |
Section 554.12405. Payment by beneficiary’s bank to beneficiary. |
Section 554.12406. Payment by originator to beneficiary — discharge of underlying obligation. |
Section 554.12501. Variation by agreement and effect of funds-transfer system rule. |
Section 554.12502. Creditor process served on receiving bank — setoff by beneficiary’s bank. |
Section 554.12503. Injunction or restraining order with respect to funds transfer. |
Section 554.12504. Order in which items and payment orders may be charged to account — order of withdrawals from account. |
Section 554.12505. Preclusion of objection to debit of customer’s account. |
Section 554.12506. Rate of interest. |
Section 554.12507. Choice of law. |
Section 554.13101. Short title. |
Section 554.13102. Scope. |
Section 554.13103. Definitions and index of definitions. |
Section 554.13104. Leases subject to other law. |
Section 554.13105. Territorial application of Article to goods covered by certificate of title. |
Section 554.13106. Limitation on power of parties to consumer lease to choose applicable law and judicial forum. |
Section 554.13107. Waiver or renunciation of claim or right after default. |
Section 554.13108. Unconscionability. |
Section 554.13109. Option to accelerate at will. |
Section 554.13201. Statute of frauds. |
Section 554.13202. Final written expression — parol or extrinsic evidence. |
Section 554.13203. Seals inoperative. |
Section 554.13204. Formation in general. |
Section 554.13205. Firm offers. |
Section 554.13206. Offer and acceptance in formation of lease contract. |
Section 554.13207. Course of performance or practical construction. |
Section 554.13208. Modification, rescission, and waiver. |
Section 554.13209. Lessee under finance lease as beneficiary of supply contract. |
Section 554.13210. Express warranties. |
Section 554.13211. Warranties against interference and against infringement — lessee’s obligation against infringement. |
Section 554.13212. Implied warranty of merchantability. |
Section 554.13213. Implied warranty of fitness for particular purpose. |
Section 554.13214. Exclusion or modification of warranties. |
Section 554.13215. Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied. |
Section 554.13216. Third-party beneficiaries of express and implied warranties. |
Section 554.13217. Identification. |
Section 554.13218. Insurance and proceeds. |
Section 554.13219. Risk of loss. |
Section 554.13220. Effect of default on risk of loss. |
Section 554.13221. Casualty to identified goods. |
Section 554.13301. Enforceability of lease contract. |
Section 554.13302. Title to and possession of goods. |
Section 554.13303. Alienability of party’s interest under lease contract or of lessor’s residual interest in goods — delegation of performance — transfer of rights. |
Section 554.13304. Subsequent lease of goods by lessor. |
Section 554.13305. Sale or sublease of goods by lessee. |
Section 554.13306. Priority of certain liens arising by operation of law. |
Section 554.13307. Priority of liens arising by attachment or levy on, security interests in, and other claims to goods. |
Section 554.13308. Special rights of creditors. |
Section 554.13309. Lessor’s and lessee’s rights when goods become fixtures. |
Section 554.13310. Lessor’s and lessee’s rights when goods become accessions. |
Section 554.13311. Priority subject to subordination. |
Section 554.13401. Insecurity — adequate assurance of performance. |
Section 554.13402. Anticipatory repudiation. |
Section 554.13403. Retraction of anticipatory repudiation. |
Section 554.13404. Substituted performance. |
Section 554.13405. Excused performance. |
Section 554.13406. Procedure on excused performance. |
Section 554.13407. Irrevocable promises — finance leases. |
Section 554.13501. Default — procedure. |
Section 554.13502. Notice after default. |
Section 554.13503. Modification or impairment of rights and remedies. |
Section 554.13504. Liquidation of damages. |
Section 554.13505. Cancellation and termination and effect of cancellation, termination, rescission, or fraud on rights and remedies. |
Section 554.13506. Statute of limitations. |
Section 554.13507. Proof of market rent — time and place. |
Section 554.13508. Lessee’s remedies. |
Section 554.13509. Lessee’s rights on improper delivery — rightful rejection. |
Section 554.13510. Installment lease contracts — rejection and default. |
Section 554.13511. Merchant lessee’s duties as to rightfully rejected goods. |
Section 554.13512. Lessee’s duties as to rightfully rejected goods. |
Section 554.13513. Cure by lessor of improper tender or delivery — replacement. |
Section 554.13514. Waiver of lessee’s objections. |
Section 554.13515. Acceptance of goods. |
Section 554.13516. Effect of acceptance of goods — notice of default — burden of establishing default after acceptance — notice of claim or litigation to person answerable over. |
Section 554.13517. Revocation of acceptance of goods. |
Section 554.13518. Cover — substitute goods. |
Section 554.13519. Lessee’s damages for nondelivery, repudiation, default, and breach of warranty in regard to accepted goods. |
Section 554.13520. Lessee’s incidental and consequential damages. |
Section 554.13521. Lessee’s right to specific performance or replevin. |
Section 554.13522. Lessee’s right to goods on lessor’s insolvency. |
Section 554.13523. Lessor’s remedies. |
Section 554.13524. Lessor’s right to identify goods to lease contract. |
Section 554.13525. Lessor’s right to possession of goods. |
Section 554.13526. Lessor’s stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise. |
Section 554.13527. Lessor’s rights to dispose of goods. |
Section 554.13528. Lessor’s damages for nonacceptance, failure to pay, repudiation, or other default. |
Section 554.13529. Lessor’s action for the rent. |
Section 554.13530. Lessor’s incidental damages. |
Section 554.13531. Standing to sue third parties for injury to goods. |
Section 554.13532. Lessor’s rights to residual interest. |